Chain control is an exceptional heavy-snow measure
Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism explains that chain control may be used during exceptional snowfall on sections that would otherwise be closed. Chains are required there even on vehicles fitted with winter tyres.
Confirm compatibility with the rental company
Tyre size, driven wheels and body clearance determine which chain can be used. Do not buy or fit a product to a rental car without confirming the provider's instructions and conditions.
Fit early or choose not to drive
Official guidance recommends carrying chains when substantial snow is expected and fitting them before becoming stuck. Deep snow can exceed the limits of both winter tyres and chains, so delay, reroute or use public transport when appropriate.